▪Genetic modifications shared between T2DM and GDM:-Some genes common in both T2DM and GDM correspond to genetic mutations related to decreased insulin secretion, such as genes CDK5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 1-like 1 (CDKAL1, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/2B (CDKN2A/2B), and hematopoietically expressed homeobox (HHEX). Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.