Kha et al., demonstrated that the activation of Nrf2 protected premalignant pancreatic ductal epithelial (PDE) cells from apoptosis and accelerated the formation and growth of pancreatic tumors via induction of the expression of a splicing variant of ATF3 (activating transcription factor 3), termed ΔZip2 [74]. Here, ATF3 is linked to pancreatic neoplasm.