This assumption is well-corroborated to the finding that transgenic overexpression of ATF3 in mouse basal epithelium of the mammary gland causes mammary carcinomas with predominant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway [36], a pathway involved in the stemness of many cancer stem cells found in different types of experimental or human cancers [37]. Here, ATF3 is linked to breast carcinoma.