We found [68] that myelin basic protein (MBP), and Olig-1 and Olig-2 mRNA levels increased along with development in CS and AS newborns, without any significant difference among the conditions, except for Olig-1 mRNA levels, a transcription factor involved in the modulation of OLs function, that under pathological conditions, is able to promote repair of demyelinating lesions [184]. The gene discussed is MBP; the disease is Cowden syndrome 1.