The cross-sectional and interventional studies of Japanese patients with NAFLD found that serum levels of β-cryptoxanthin were significantly lower in patients with NAFLD than in healthy subjects and that oral administration of β-cryptoxanthin to patients with NAFLD significantly reduced the liver damage markers ALT, aspartate amino group transferase (AST) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP), the inflammatory marker interleukin (IL)-6, and the oxidative stress marker oxidized LDL compared to placebo [25]. This evidence concerns the gene GPT and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.