HIF1A and Thiamine deficiency: Most in vitro and in vivo findings suggest that the stabilization and activation of specific HIF-1α signaling may play an important role in promoting neuronal survival in both HIE and thiamine deficiency either by up-regulation of protective or repair genes, such as vascular-endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin, or by reduced expression of pro-apoptotic HIF-1α target genes and hence apoptotic cell death [22,29,31,74].