TGFB1 and liver dysplastic nodule: Data from in vivo studies in animal models of rabbits with glomerulonephritis [64], DN [65,66], and adriamycin-induced nephropathy [67,68] have revealed that flavonoids of Flos A. manihot have renoprotective effects, which are shown by the ability to alleviate proteinuria, apoptosis of podocytes, glomerulosclerosis and mesangial proliferation via various mechanisms focused on inhibition of caspases, amelioration of oxidative stress, infiltration reduction, and suppression of the p38 MAPK and serine/threonine kinase (Akt) pathways, as well as TGF-β1 and TNF-α expression.