There are several NRF2-modulating strategies currently being investigated at the preclinical stage, most notably, the series of KEAP1 inhibitors developed by Keapstone Therapeutics; however, for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases involving oxidative stress in the brain (e.g. PD and ALS), there are no current treatments being utilized in patients (reviewed in [351,352]). Here, KEAP1 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.