In 38 patients with cancer or MDS, for which there was a known DBA-associated RP mutation, those genotypes were represented at approximately the same percent as in the entire cohort, RPS19 (39%), RPL5 (16%), RPL11 (18%), RPL 35a (16%), RPS17 (8%), RPS24, RPS10, other (3%), except for RPS26 which was absent in patients with cancer. This evidence concerns the gene RPS19 and myelodysplastic syndrome.