TNF and Insulin resistance: Furthermore, this study including MCI patients further confirms and expands earlier findings involving determinants of proinflammatory cytokines among these patients, i.e., associations between exercise and IL-6 and TNFα among patients with MCI with co-morbid insulin resistance, and significant decrease of inflammatory markers, such as IL-6, TNFα and CRP, in MCI patients after a 12-week exercise program [28].