In lupus patients and in animal models of lupus, B cells express elevated BAFF and its homologue a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), which when activated through the BAFF or APRIL receptors, increase glycolytic pathways, and produce more lupus-like autoantibodies [36,62,63,64,65]. This evidence concerns the gene TNFSF13B and systemic lupus erythematosus.