Importantly, immune cell lipids are now recognised as targets for immunotherapies in cancer; inhibition of acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1, cholesterol esterification enzyme that increases immune cell cholesterol levels) improves the efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy in melanoma and antiviral activity against hepatitis B due to a specific increase in CD8+ T-cell effector function against melanoma growth through lipid raft associated T-cell receptor (TCR) clustering and signalling [28,47]. This evidence concerns the gene ACAT1 and melanoma.