Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements, which result in the EML4-ALK fusion oncogene, are found in approximately 3–5% of NSCLC advanced disease, [3] mainly in never-smokers or light smokers and particularly in more youthful female patients (median age of 50), with adenocarcinoma where the proportion of ALK rearrangement cases reaches up to 33–30% [4,5]. This evidence concerns the gene ALK and adenocarcinoma.