TNF and neoplasm: Low TNF concentrations produce pro-tumor activities in the TME via NF-kB-mediated induction of cytoprotective and angiogenic factors IL-6 and VEGF, differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into endothelial cells, increase in vascular permeability, recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes, monocyte differentiation into MDSC, and promotion of Tregs [184].