IL-1β is overexpressed in the saliva of oral cancer patients compared to oral leukoplakia and control patients [152, 153] and IL-1β salivary levels have been shown to discriminate between OSCC subjects and controls [154–156], but not between oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) patients and healthy subjects [155]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.