However, when FaDu MCTS were combined with NTF in a 3D tumour-stromal model, levels of CXCL8 increased 7-fold (39.1 ± 4.34 ng/ml; p < 0.001) and CCL2 by 3-fold (3.93 ± 0.69 ng/ml; p < 0.001, Figures 3A,B), showing that NTF and FaDu act synergistically in stimulating production of these chemokines. Here, CCL2 is linked to neoplasm.