High serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-18, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), CL2, CCL4, CCL5, and CXCL10 (IP-10) have already been reported in patients with DHF (39, 40). Here, MIF is linked to Dengue hemorrhagic fever.