In summary, this review described the state of the art research on the DNAhsp65 vaccine, highlighting its property as an intrinsic mycobacterial antigen, its chaperone and adjuvant capacity due to the role played by hsp65, its preventive and immunotherapeutic uses in different aspects of TB, its potential to control infectious conditions and autoimmune diseases, its immunoregulation of antitumoral responses, and its immunomodulatory property of switching the immune response toward the Th1 profile. This evidence concerns the gene HSPD1 and autoimmune disease.