In in vitro cell culture and dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced murine colitis model, HM0539 showed an inhibition effect on cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), subsequently suppressing the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO), TLR4-MyD88, and NF-κB signalling pathways, and hence might serve as a candidate strategy in inflammatory bowel disease treatment (84). The gene discussed is PTGS2; the disease is colitis.