TNF and neoplasm: In addition, TNF could induce the activity of the NF-κB pathway, thus leading to conspicuous influence in cell death and growth (39).Therefore, for the sake of comprehensively understanding the functions of IFI44L, future studies should not only pay attention to the role of IFI44L in anti-virus, stimulating the interferon and modulating the biological behavior of tumor cells, but also focus on its interaction with TME, especially its functions on the activation and motility of the TIICs, because these immune-related components act as critical determinants during tumor progression (40).