With the exception of MMP-9 mRNA in OVCAR4 cells, CIS and PTX both significantly increased the expression of MMP-2, -9 and -14 mRNAs and concurrently increased the expression of three CSC markers (OCT4A, EpCAM, CD133), associated with chemoresistance in the cancer cell lines. Here, EPCAM is linked to in situ carcinoma.