ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IQR 25-27: interquartile range 25-75; OAC: oral anticoagulants; OAD: oral antidiabetics; PDE: phosphodiesterase; SSRI: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; TIA: transient ischemic attack; POSSUM: Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity. The gene discussed is ALDH7A1; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.