Viral detection triggers the activation of various transcription factors resulting in the secretion of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6, amongst others, by monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells (DCs) that home to the site of infection (12, 13, 15). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.