MMP9 and colorectal carcinoma: Berberine also suppresses CRC cells invasion and metastasis via mediating the expression of COX-2 and PGE2 (Prostaglandin E2, the main product of COX-2 (Wang and Dubois, 2006) to decrease p-JAK2/STAT3 signaling and downstream genes MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression (Liu X. et al., 2015).