In a case–control study conducted on the Serbian population, Topic et al. [27] observed that being a carrier of an AAT deficiency genotype increased the risk of squamous cell carcinoma (OR: 4.51 IC95% = 1.66–12.29); however, this association was not found in adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma histology.. This evidence concerns the gene SERPINA1 and squamous cell carcinoma.