These results were similarly described using an influenza challenge in which vaccination with AuNP-HA (hemagglutinin) and flagellin (FliC)-coupled AuNPs induced robust antigen-specific humoral (IgG and IgA in mucosal surfaces) and cell (antigen-specific IFN-γ secreting and CD4+ cell proliferation)-mediated responses (34). This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and influenza.