APAF1 and cancer: Another study found that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and cancer-associated adipocyte (CAA)-derived EVs isolated from HGSOC patients carry miR-21, which lowers the expression of apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (APAF1) in OVCA432 and SKOV3 cells, resulting in insensitivity to paclitaxel [49].