NSCLC patients without targetable oncogenic mutations and without PD-L1 expression are still a major challenge and there is a need for experimental generation of new, rational combination strategies with targeted therapies addressing factors of the Cellular Tumorigenic Network6,7, as apart from the tumor cells, non-neoplastic cells such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells contribute to tumor growth. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.