In relation to this, it is notable that breast cancer cells rarely produced fragmented nuclei that are indicative of catastrophic chromosome segregation errors during mitosis, but instead primarily produced micronuclei that form when one or two chromosomes pairs fail to segregate correctly (Figs 3D and 6C); an event that does not commonly lead to p53 activation (Santaguida et al, 2017). This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and breast cancer.