MIF and urinary bladder carcinoma: The level of MIF in HNC is higher than normal controls (Figure 1A), patients with higher MIF levels had a poor clinical prognosis relative to patients with lower MIF levels in HNSCC (Figure 1B), and MIF can be an important biomarker in various malignant tumors such as breast cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and bladder cancer.