HMMR and urinary bladder carcinoma: It has been found that high expression of HMMR is associated with multiple human malignancies, such as gastric cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, with characteristics of promoting cancer progression and indicating poor prognosis in patients (Huang et al., 2017; Yeh et al., 2018; Rizzardi et al., 2014).