TMBIM4 and Arrhythmia: Consistent with our findings, it has been noted that S1R antagonists cause delayed cardiac repolarization, impairment of rate adaptation, and increased risk for drug-induced arrhythmia (Witchel, 2011; Balasuriya et al., 2014; Morales-Lázaro, González-Ramírez & Rosenbaum, 2019).