This creates a favorable environment for the growth of M. tb and reduces the curative effect of anti-TB treatment for PTB patients with diabetes.6 Thymosins are small molecular polypeptide secreted by thymus tissue, which modulate both innate and adaptive immunity, can reverse T cell failure and restore immune reconstruction.7 Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) and thymopentin (TP-5) are two thymus-derived immunomodulatory agents. The gene discussed is PTMA; the disease is diabetes mellitus.