CTLA4 and neoplasm: Ferrere et al. found that anti-PD-1, alone or in combination with anti-CTLA-4, failed to inhibit tumor growth in mice receiving a standard diet, whereas KD implementation, or oral administration of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB), a principal KB generated in the KD, reestablished therapeutic responses.248 3-HB prevented the upregulation of PD-L1 on myeloid cells whereas promoting the expansion of CXCR3+ T cells and instituting consequent T cell-mediated tumor immunosurveillance.