Furthermore, participants had an overall mean weight loss of 12.1% and a mean 4.0 kg/m2 decrease in BMI.149 A crossover study compared the effects of a standard diet and an LCD on PCOS and showed that the LCD decreased glycemia, fasting serum insulin, and testosterone, and increased insulin sensitivity.150 Paoli et al. reported similar results, with significant reductions in BMI, glycemia, insulin, LDL-C, HDL-C, TGs, LH, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.