When we studied the relationship between the Sp1 level and survival rate in a sex-dependent manner, we found that women with late-stage lung cancer and low Sp1 levels had a worse prognosis (HR = 3.897) than men with late-stage lung cancer and low Sp1 levels (HR = 0.985) (Fig. 1C, middle and lower panels), indicating that Sp1 is involved in lung cancer progression in a sex-dependent manner. Here, SP1 is linked to lung cancer.