Domenis et al. suggested that the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ/TNF-α may improve the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potential of exosomes released by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) promote macrophage polarization toward the M2 type, and the authors also speculated that the immunomodulatory properties of AD-MSCs-derived exosomes may be a result of the inflammatory microenvironment [25]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Alzheimer disease.