In an in vivo experiment, the potential anti-inflammatory activity of baicalein was discovered in MCT-induced PAH rats, resulting in the reduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and the transcriptional regulatory factor NF-κB by regulating NF-κB and BMP/Smad pathways [83, 84]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.