Previous studies demonstrate that S1P1 activation improves outcomes after myocardial or cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury [28] and that cardiac overexpression of S1P1 improves left ventricular contractility and relaxation in rats undergoing myocardial infarction [14], while endothelial S1P1 deficient mice display worse outcomes [29]. The gene discussed is S1PR1; the disease is brain ischemia.