VEGFA and osteoarthritis: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) possesses angiogenic and vasculogenic functions under both physiological and pathological conditions.12, 13, 14 VEGF concentrations are higher in the serum and synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients than in that of osteoarthritis patients or healthy persons.15, 16, 17, 18 The pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α is also elevated in rheumatoid arthritis patients.19