Parker et al. have investigated differentially expressed genes and pathways in canine urothelial carcinoma with or without BRAFV595E mutation, identifying that tissue development, cell cycle, and cell death pathways are enriched in BRAFV595E mutant tumors, while the immune response genes are upregulated in BRAF wild-type tumors33. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is urothelial carcinoma.