Namely, for example, NipSnap-1 (average FC = 7, p = 8.0 × 10−3) was shown to be implicated in Parkin-related mitophagy30; Septin-5 (average FC = 4.6, p = 2.5 × 10−3) was associated with dopamine-dependent neurotoxicity in early-onset PD also linked to Parkin31; even Protein phosphatase methylesterase 1 which we find to be MSA-specific (Fig. 4a) has previously been also implicated in PD pathogenesis as enriched in PD subject substantia nigra32 and playing a role in α-syn phosphorylation through PP2A activity regulation33. This evidence concerns the gene PRKN and multiple system atrophy.