PPARG and colitis: However, in mice with colitis (DSS group), the relative abundance of butyrate-producing microbes including Lachnospiraceae (Figure 4(e)), and E. ventriosum, R. faecis, and R. hominis (Figure 4(h)), as well as the production of butyrate (Figure 6(b)) decreased significantly, and thus, epithelial PPAR-γ signaling was reduced (Figure 7(c-d)).