GAPDH and multiple sclerosis: Since its accidental discovery, it has become one of the most frequently used immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agents in the clinics, especially for the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis.1 As an electrophilic molecule DMF was shown to covalently modify cysteine residues, thereby inactivating proteins such as the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and causing down-regulation of aerobic glycolysis.