It has been shown that Cat S inhibition reduces the progression of atherosclerotic lesions, hence reducing risk of CVD.19 Furthermore, in an experimental mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis, Cat S inhibition by the RO5444101 inhibitor showed therapeutic benefits with a significant decrease in Cat S, elastin degradation, calcification, and plaque size2,20. This evidence concerns the gene ELN and lupus nephritis.