Exercise interventions showed that an increase in EPC levels was accompanied by an increase in VEGF in HFrEF (Erbs et al. 2010; Sandri et al. 2016; Sarto et al. 2007; Kourek et al. 2020a), in CAD (Steiner et al. 2005) and ischaemic PAD (Sandri et al. 2005). Here, VEGFA is linked to coronary artery disorder.