In the trials that incorporated various stress test protocols on a treadmill, one trial found an increase in both CD34+/KDR+ and CD133+/KDR+ EPCs by 212% and 278% respectively; this was in turn accompanied by a 230.6% increase in Di-acLDL + /lectin + MACs and a 361% increase in serum VEGF in stable PAD patients, but no changes in GM-CSF and basic fibroblast growth factor (Sandri et al. 2011). This evidence concerns the gene KDR and peripheral arterial disease.