Coronal craniosynostosis is found in humans with mutation genes encoding for MSX2 (Boston type craniosynostosis), TWIST and TCF12 (Saethre-Chotzen syndrome), as well as FGFR3 (Muenke craniosynostosis)41, which could be interesting candidate genes for further investigations of a possible underlying genetic defect in peke-face Persians. Here, TWIST1 is linked to Saethre-Chotzen syndrome.