Next, we transplanted CML CD34+ cells into sublethally irradiated immunocompromised NOG mice constitutively producing human interleukin-3 (IL-3) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (NOG hIL-3/GM-CSF Tg48) to assess the efficacy of the combination of IRAK1/4 inhibitor and imatinib on the elimination of CML LSCs in a xenograft model with CML-CP patient samples (Fig. 4g). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.