AKT1 and glioblastoma: Indeed, we observed upregulation of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway molecules, including phosphorylated PI3K, Akt, and mTOR, post glioblastoma-derived EV treatment in an approximately time-dependent manner, indicating the induction of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling in mNPCs by U87-EVs.