TARDBP and infection: The rationale for the current study stems from early evidence that EVs can target motor neurons and from the recent exciting discovery that EV infection produces the hallmark molecular phenotypes of ALS [9], including neuroinflammation, RNA-processing defects, compromised protein quality control and protein aggregation, impaired nucleocytoplasmic transport, and most intriguingly, cytoplasmic mislocalization, aggregation, and cleavage of TDP-43, termed TDP-43 pathology [35, 44].