To further confirm a robust connection between SIRT3 and ATF4, we performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using the ranked gene expression profiles of each individual cell line and again observed highly significant depletion of ATF4 target genes in all three DLBCL types [normalized enrichment score (NES) < −2.7 and FDR = 0; Fig. 1D and E]. This evidence concerns the gene ATF4 and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.